How to Choose the Appropriate Fiber Laser Cutting Machine and Fiber Laser Tube Cutting Machine

Introduction:
Fiber laser technology has become increasingly popular in the field of metal processing. With a wide range of models and specifications available in fiber laser cutting machines (primarily for sheet metal) and fiber laser tube cutting machines (mainly for tubes), factory procurement managers need to understand how to choose the most suitable equipment based on their specific needs. This report analyzes the equipment’s functional features from various aspects including applicable range, power selection, cutting capability, automation level, core components, common configuration comparisons, and the selection process. It also provides a comparative table of mainstream models in the industry to assist in decision-making.

1. Differences and Application Areas of Fiber Laser Sheet Cutting Machines and Tube Cutting Machines

Sheet Cutting Machines (Planar Laser Cutting Machines):
Fiber laser sheet cutting machines are designed for the high-speed and high-precision cutting of flat metal materials, and they are equipped with a flat worktable (commonly with dimensions such as 3000×1500mm) for holding the sheets. They are suitable for sheet metal processing, cabinet manufacturing, appliance enclosures, and other applications that require complex contour cutting of metal sheets. Typically, a sheet cutting machine cannot directly process long tubes; however, some models offer optional rotary fixtures for small tube components to address limited tube processing needs.

Tube Cutting Machines:
Fiber laser tube cutting machines are specially designed for cutting and punching various metal tubes and profiles (including round tubes, square tubes, rectangular tubes, oval tubes, angle bars, channel sections, etc.). They are equipped with rotating chucks and tube support devices that enable the continuous feeding of tubes several meters long, achieving automatic feeding and high-efficiency cutting. Tube cutting machines can produce various features on tubes such as intersecting holes, chamfered edges, and slots, making them widely applicable in industries such as metal tube processing, steel structures, fitness equipment, and pipe fittings where precise tube fabrication is required.

Comparison of Application Areas:

• If the primary processing involves flat sheets (e.g., carbon steel, stainless steel), a fiber laser sheet cutting machine should be chosen;
• If the main focus is on tubes (e.g., furniture tubing, vehicle frames), a professional fiber laser tube cutting machine is recommended.
• For companies that process both sheets and tubes, a combined sheet/tube laser cutting machine can be considered. This type of machine features both a planar cutting worktable and a tube cutting chuck, making it multifunctional and reducing both equipment investment and space requirements.
• However, if the volume of tube processing is high and precision is critical, it is advisable to purchase a dedicated tube cutting machine since specialized tube cutting machines offer better cutting accuracy and speed.

2. Appropriate Scenarios and Cost-Performance Analysis for Different Laser Power Levels

The laser power of fiber laser cutting machines ranges from 1kW to 30kW and beyond. The power level directly affects the cutting thickness range and processing efficiency, and it significantly influences the equipment cost. Choosing the right power level requires a balance between production requirements and cost-effectiveness:

• Low Power (<2kW):
  Suitable for thin sheet processing and entry-level applications in small factories. For instance, lasers from 500W to 1000W can cut thin steel sheets with thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 4mm. Low-power equipment has lower acquisition and operating costs and is ideal for operations primarily dealing with thin materials and low output. However, its cutting thickness and speed are limited, making it unsuitable for thick sheet cutting.

• Medium Power (2~6kW):
  This is the most widely used power range, offering high cost-performance. For example:

  • A 2kW laser can cut carbon steel up to approximately 16mm, stainless steel up to about 6mm, and aluminum up to about 4mm;
  • A 3kW laser can cut carbon steel up to around 22mm, stainless steel up to 12mm, and aluminum up to about 8mm;
  • 4~6kW lasers can reliably process sheets thicker than 10mm, with a 6kW machine typically cutting carbon steel up to around 25mm.
    This power range covers most daily processing needs, and the mature technology, robust supply chain, and moderate costs make it the most cost-effective option.

• High Power (8~12kW):
  Representing mid-to-high-end configurations, these machines can handle thicker sheets and higher production demands. For instance, a 12kW laser can nearly double the cutting speed for a given sheet thickness compared to a 6kW laser. Such machines can efficiently cut metal sheets in the 20~40mm range (with carbon steel up to above 30mm and stainless steel around 30mm). They are ideal for high-volume thick sheet processing and increasing output per unit time, though the costs are proportionally higher.

• Ultra-High Power (15~30kW+):
  These are used for special thick sheet and high-speed cutting applications. Ultra-high power equipment can cut sheets over 40mm thick. For example, some 30kW machines can cut steel sheets up to 50mm thick or even thicker. Such machines are suitable for high-end equipment manufacturing or specialized processing (e.g., thick structural plates, heavy stainless steel containers), effectively replacing several traditional plasma or flame cutting systems. However, due to the high cost and increased energy consumption, unless there is a clear requirement, the cost-performance of ultra-high power machines may not be as attractive as that of medium-power machines.

Summary:
The choice of laser power should be based on the thickness range of the materials and the production cycle. Ensure that the machine has some margin beyond the required specifications:

• For factories processing mainly sheets below 6mm, 1~3kW is sufficient;
• For a mix of thin and medium-thick sheets, 4~8kW is a balanced choice;
• For high-volume thick sheet processing, machines with 10kW or more should be considered.

3. Considerations for Cutting Thickness, Precision, and Material Types

Cutting Thickness Capability

Different power levels have recommended maximum cutting thicknesses for common metals. For example:

• 1000W: Carbon steel up to ~6mm, stainless steel up to ~3mm, aluminum up to ~2mm
• 2000W: Carbon steel up to 16mm, stainless steel up to 6mm, aluminum up to 4mm
• 3000W: Carbon steel up to 22mm, stainless steel up to 12mm, aluminum up to 8mm
• 6000W: Carbon steel about 25mm, stainless steel about 20mm, aluminum about 16mm (optimized per model)
• 12000W: Carbon steel about 40mm, stainless steel about 30mm, aluminum about 20mm (using high-pressure nitrogen cutting)
• 20000W+: Carbon steel about 50mm, stainless steel about 50mm, aluminum about 30mm (under extreme conditions)

Note: The above thickness values are for reference only. Actual cutting capability depends on the machine configuration and process parameters.

Cutting Precision and Quality

Fiber laser cutting is renowned for its high precision, typically achieving a positioning accuracy of ±0.03mm and repeatability as precise as ±0.01mm. High-quality machines can achieve extremely narrow kerfs (less than 0.1mm) and vertically smooth cut edges with minimal burrs and a very small heat-affected zone. Cutting precision depends not only on the laser but also on the mechanical precision of the machine (transmission system, bed stability) and the control of the cutting head. For parts with exceptionally high precision requirements (e.g., automotive components), it is important to verify whether the machine includes enhanced control systems such as optical encoders for closed-loop feedback.

Material Compatibility

Fiber lasers are suitable for cutting various metal materials, including carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and its alloys, copper, brass, and titanium alloys.

• The appropriate auxiliary gas and process parameters must be chosen based on the material:
  • Carbon steel is generally cut with oxygen to enhance thick sheet cutting capabilities;
  • Stainless steel and aluminum are typically cut with high-purity nitrogen to prevent oxidation.
• Although fiber lasers have significant advantages over CO₂ lasers when cutting highly reflective metals (such as copper and aluminum), sufficient power and proper optical protection are still required for cutting thick copper or aluminum to prevent damage from laser reflections.
• Note: Fiber lasers are not suitable for non-metal materials such as wood, fabric, or acrylic, which require different cutting technologies (e.g., CO₂ lasers).

Summary:
When evaluating a machine’s cutting capability, consider the material type, maximum thickness, and precision requirements. Ensure that the chosen machine provides sufficient margin to guarantee that it can “cut, cut quickly, and cut precisely” under production conditions.

4. Impact of Automation Level on Production Efficiency

With the development of Industry 4.0, the automation level of laser cutting equipment has significantly improved, reducing manual intervention and downtime, thereby boosting production efficiency. When selecting equipment, consider the following automated features:

• Automatic Loading/Unloading and Exchange Tables:
  Traditional single-table machines require manual loading and unloading after each cut, causing downtime. Modern fiber laser cutting machines often feature dual-table exchange systems, where one table cuts while the other is being loaded/unloaded, significantly reducing downtime. Some machines also include automatic sheet feeders and robotic arms for continuous, unattended operation.

• Automatic Tube Feeding and Changeover:
  Professional tube cutting machines are typically equipped with an automatic loader that stores multiple tubes and feeds them into the machine sequentially. Once one tube is processed, the machine automatically ejects the finished part and scrap, and then feeds in the next tube, ensuring continuous operation. For example, the TruLaser Tube series is equipped with the LoadMaster automatic feeder, significantly enhancing efficiency.

• Automated Cutting Head Functions:
  Functions such as automatic focus adjustment allow the cutting head to adjust its focal point automatically based on material thickness, reducing manual intervention and improving both piercing and cutting consistency. Advanced models may also feature automatic nozzle changes and lens cleaning systems, thereby reducing downtime and maintenance.

• Intelligent Programming and Software Optimization:
  Professional nesting software can automatically arrange parts and generate efficient cutting paths, reducing programming time and material waste. Specialized CAM software for tube cutting (such as TubePro) can automatically generate cutting programs for holes and intersecting lines. Additionally, real-time monitoring during cutting can adjust parameters or alert operators to maintain consistent quality.

Summary:
Highly automated equipment can significantly improve machine utilization and production efficiency, especially in high-volume operations. Procurement decisions should consider the appropriate level of automation based on production requirements to ensure long-term, stable operation.

5. Comparison of Core Components

The performance of a fiber laser cutting machine largely depends on the configuration and quality of several core components. Key aspects to consider include:

Laser Source

• Function:
  The “heart” of the machine, the fiber laser source offers high electrical-to-optical efficiency, long lifespan, and low maintenance.
• Brands:
  Well-known brands include Germany’s IPG, the UK’s SPI, the USA’s nLIGHT, as well as Chinese brands such as Raycus, Max, and JPT.
• Selection Advice:
  • For operations requiring exceptional reliability and beam quality (e.g., continuous full-power operation or processing many reflective materials), consider imported brands;
  • For standard processing needs, domestic laser sources offer higher cost-effectiveness and easier maintenance.
• Note:
  After-sales service and spare parts availability are crucial factors when selecting a laser source.

Cutting Head

• Function:
  Responsible for focusing the laser beam and directing the assist gas for cutting.
• Features:
  High-end cutting heads feature automatic focus adjustment, efficient cooling systems, and precise sensors to enhance piercing and cutting quality.
• Brands:
  Examples include Swiss RayTools, German Precitec, and American LaserMech.
• Selection Advice:
  Choose a cutting head with automatic focus and high cooling efficiency based on the required material thickness and precision. Consider the maintenance and cost of spare parts.

CNC Control System

• Function:
  Controls machine movement, laser power modulation, and cutting paths.
• Brands:
  High-end systems include those from Germany (e.g., PA, Beckhoff, Siemens 840D), and there are domestic options such as CypCut/HypCut.
• Selection Advice:
  For high-speed, high-precision cutting, a top-notch control system is necessary. It should also offer a user-friendly interface and compatibility with existing factory management systems.

Machine Bed

• Function:
  The machine bed serves as the foundation, supporting the weight of the workpiece and motion components, thus affecting stability and vibration resistance.
• Materials and Techniques:
  High-end models often use cast iron or ductile cast iron, which provides excellent damping and minimal deformation. Standard machines may use welded thick steel plates with design optimizations and stress-relief treatments.
• Selection Advice:
  For very high precision requirements, opt for a cast iron bed; for general applications, high-quality welded beds can also meet the requirements if properly stress-relieved.

Summary:
The proper combination and balance of core components are crucial. It is important to evaluate the performance of each part and the overall system configuration to ensure they work in harmony to meet production requirements.

6. Comparison of Common Configuration Combinations

Different manufacturers offer various configuration options. Here is a comparison of several typical setups:

• Combined Sheet/Tube Machine vs. Dedicated Tube Cutting Machine:

  • Combined Machine:
    Pros: Multifunctional, can process both sheets and tubes, saving on investment and space;
    Cons: Tube cutting functions and precision may not be as good as those of dedicated tube cutting machines.
  • Dedicated Tube Cutting Machine:
    Pros: Superior in tube clamping, rotary cutting efficiency, and complex tube processing;
    Cons: Limited to tube processing only.

• Single Table vs. Dual Exchange Tables:

  • Single Table:
    Simpler structure and lower cost, but requires manual loading between cuts, leading to longer downtime;
  • Dual Exchange Tables:
    Enable automatic loading and quick table exchanges, significantly boosting output, though at a higher cost.

• Open-Frame Machines vs. Fully Enclosed Machines:

  • Open-Frame:
    Easier for material handling and lower in cost, but with higher risks of laser radiation exposure and dust emissions;
  • Fully Enclosed:
    Safer and more environmentally friendly (with effective dust and smoke extraction), ideal for mid-to-high power machines, though more expensive and typically requiring automated material handling.

• Domestic vs. Imported Component Configurations:

  • Domestic Configuration:
    Cost-effective, easier maintenance, and sufficient for standard processing;
  • Imported Configuration:
    Offers superior performance and stability, suitable for high-end processing, but at a higher cost.
  • Hybrid configurations (e.g., an imported laser source paired with a domestic cutting head) are also common to balance performance and cost.

• High-Speed/High-Acceleration Configurations vs. Standard Configurations:
  High-speed setups are ideal for high-volume production but come at a higher cost and require sufficient order volume to justify the investment; standard configurations typically meet the needs of most factories.

7. Recommended Selection Process

Selecting the right fiber laser cutting machine involves a systematic approach based on actual needs, quantitative metrics, comprehensive evaluation, and comparative analysis. The recommended process is as follows:

1. Define Processing Requirements:
   Analyze your factory’s operating conditions, including material types, maximum thickness, part dimensions, monthly output, etc., to determine the type and power level of the required machine.

2. Establish Key Technical Specifications:
   Identify quantifiable metrics such as laser power, working area, maximum cutting thickness, positioning accuracy, and production cycle time. Also, list any special process requirements.

3. Market Research and Preliminary Selection:
   Research mainstream models by gathering information from online resources, manufacturer brochures, trade shows, and peer feedback. Shortlist 2-3 models that meet your key specifications.

4. In-Depth Evaluation and Testing:
   Contact the shortlisted suppliers for detailed technical data and arrange on-site demonstrations and sample cutting tests using your typical materials to verify the machine’s performance.

5. Comprehensive Comparison and Assessment:
   Create a comparison table listing the key parameters (such as performance, cost, service, and after-sales support) of each candidate machine. Evaluate each machine based on weighted criteria according to your priorities.

6. Decision and Negotiation:
   Once the target model is identified, negotiate with the supplier regarding price, warranty, after-sales service, installation, training, and spare parts discounts. Prepare an internal approval report supported by data and test results.

7. Installation, Acceptance, and Training:
   After delivery, install and commission the machine as per the contract. Verify that all technical specifications meet the agreed-upon standards, arrange for operator and maintenance training, and establish an equipment file for future reference.

8. Continuous Feedback and Optimization:
   Monitor the machine’s performance during production, provide feedback for improvements, and use the experience gained for future equipment selections. Consider subsequent automation upgrades if production demands change.

8. Comparative Table of Mainstream Models in the Industry

Below are examples of several representative models comparing their key parameters (data sourced from official materials and public information).

Mainstream Models of Fiber Laser Sheet Cutting Machines

Brand & Model	Laser Power	Working Area (mm)	Max Cutting Thickness (Carbon Steel)	Positioning Accuracy
TRUMPF TruLaser 5030 Fiber (Germany)	8000 W (8kW)	3000 × 1500	25 mm (option up to 32 mm for thick sheets)	±0.03 mm (repeatability ±0.02 mm)*
Bystronic ByStar 3015 Fiber (Switzerland)	20000 W (20kW)	3000 × 1500 (expandable)	50 mm (stainless steel up to 30 mm)	±0.05 mm (with high precision configuration)*
LT-3015HF Fiber Laser Machine (China)	30000 W (30kW)	3000 × 1500	50 mm+ (stainless steel around 30 mm)	±0.05 mm (repeatability ±0.03 mm)*

*Note: Positioning accuracy values are estimated based on similar models; actual specifications should be confirmed with the supplier. All models are equipped with automatic exchange tables and automatic focus cutting heads.

Mainstream Models of Fiber Laser Tube Cutting Machines

Brand & Model	Laser Power	Max Tube Diameter	Max Tube Length	Max Wall Thickness (Carbon Steel)
TRUMPF TruLaser Tube 7000 Fiber (Germany)	3000 W (3kW)	φ 250 mm	9000 mm (30 ft)	8 mm
LT CNC Laser LT6024-t2 Fiber Tube Cutting Machine (China)	2000 W (option 3kW)	φ 245 mm	6000 mm	16 mm (8 mm for stainless steel)

*Note: The TRUMPF TruLaser Tube 7000 is equipped with a fully automatic material loading/unloading system and supports various profiles and chamfering functions; the LT6024 is a typical domestic model known for its cost-effectiveness, with options for longer tubes and larger diameters. The listed thickness values represent maximums under high-power configurations; actual performance depends on the laser power and process parameters.

---

Conclusion:
Choosing the appropriate fiber laser cutting machine or tube cutting machine requires a comprehensive evaluation of the equipment’s functional features against your production needs. By understanding the applicable range, power performance, cutting capability, automation level, and core component quality, procurement managers can establish scientific selection criteria and choose the most cost-effective machine to meet their factory’s requirements. Ultimately, the best machine is one that fully matches the actual operating conditions, creating maximum value and enabling high-efficiency, high-quality production across various industries (sheet metal processing, automotive components, appliance manufacturing, etc.).

---

References:

1. Wuhan Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Sohu Account, "Comparison of the Advantages and Features of Professional Tube Cutting Machines and Combined Sheet/Tube Laser Cutting Machines", 2021
2. TeYu Chiller, "The Future Development of Laser Cutting Machines and Chillers in the Next Few Years", 2022
3. Demal Laser, "How Much Laser Power is Appropriate for a Laser Cutting Machine", 2024
4. Bystronic Official, Laser Cutting Machine Product Page, 2023
5. MillerMetal, TRUMPF TruLaser 5030 Fiber Technical Specifications, 2020
6. Hafendorfer, Introduction to TRUMPF TruLaser Tube 7000, 2019
7. Golden Laser, P2060 Tube Cutting Machine Product Description, 2023
8. Shandong Zhongli ZLTech, Official Blog Post, 2022
9. Bodor Laser, S Series Product Promotion, 2021